By Dr. Aswin Pankajakshan, Consultant Endocrinologist
Thyroid nodules are surprisingly common and often harmless, but they can still be a source of worry when first discovered. As an Endocrinologist in Dubai, I frequently meet patients who are concerned about a lump in their neck or have been told they have a thyroid nodule during a routine checkup. The good news is, most of these nodules are benign (non-cancerous) and can be managed safely and effectively.
What Are Thyroid Nodules?
A thyroid nodule is a solid or fluid-filled lump that forms within the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped gland at the base of your neck. In many cases, these nodules are so small that you may not even know they’re there. They’re often found incidentally during imaging for unrelated issues or a physical exam.
Although many thyroid nodules cause no symptoms at all, some people may experience:
- A visible or palpable lump in the neck
- Difficulty swallowing or a sensation of a lump in the throat
- Hoarseness or voice changes
- Neck pain or a feeling of pressure
- An enlarged thyroid gland (goiter)
What Causes Thyroid Nodules?
If you notice any of these signs, it’s important to see your doctor for an evaluation. The exact cause of thyroid nodules isn’t always clear, but several risk factors are known to contribute:
- Iodine Deficiency: Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production. A deficiency can lead to thyroid enlargement and nodule formation.
- Age: Nodules become more common as we grow older.
- Gender: Women are more likely than men to develop thyroid nodules.
- Genetics: A family history of thyroid nodules or thyroid cancer can increase your risk.
- Radiation Exposure: Past exposure, especially in childhood, raises the likelihood of nodules.
- Underlying Thyroid Disease: Conditions like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism can also predispose you to nodule formation.
How Are Thyroid Nodules Diagnosed?
When a thyroid nodule is detected, our goal is to determine whether it’s benign or something that requires further treatment. This typically involves:
- Ultrasound: A non-invasive way to look at the structure and size of the nodule.
- Blood Tests: To check your thyroid hormone levels.
- Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB): If the nodule looks suspicious or is growing, a biopsy may be done to check for cancer cells.
Do All Thyroid Nodules Require Treatment?
Not all thyroid nodules require treatment. Here’s how we typically manage them: For small, benign nodules that are not causing symptoms, we often recommend regular monitoring. This involves periodic ultrasounds and checkups to watch for any changes. If the nodule is causing an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), we may prescribe medication to regulate hormone levels. In select cases, radioactive iodine can be used to shrink nodules, especially if they are overactive. Surgical removal may be recommended if the nodule is large, symptomatic, or suspicious for cancer. At Fakeeh University Hospital, we are proud to offer thyroid surgery, which allows for enhanced precision, smaller incisions, and faster recovery times. Being told you have a thyroid nodule can be unsettling, but rest assured, most are not dangerous. With the right diagnosis and treatment plan, thyroid nodules can be managed successfully often without invasive intervention.
If you have concerns about a thyroid lump or want to know more about your thyroid health, don’t hesitate to book a consultation. As your endocrine partner in health, I’m here to help you make informed, confident decisions about your well-being.
Dr. Aswin Pankajakshan
Consultant Endocrinologist
Fakeeh University, Hospital, Silicon Oasis, Dubai
