Thyroid and Depression: What’s the Connection?

Feeling low, constantly tired, or simply not yourself? Many people assume these symptoms are due to stress, burnout, or depression. However, there’s another possible culprit — your thyroid gland. This small, butterfly-shaped organ in the neck plays a big role in regulating your energy, metabolism, and even mood. When it’s out of balance, your mental health can be affected.

Thyroid disorders are common—and often misunderstood—especially when they present with symptoms that mimic depression. In fact, many people suffering from fatigue, low mood, and lack of motivation may be dealing with a thyroid imbalance without even knowing it.

Let’s explore the powerful connection between thyroid health and mental health.

How the Thyroid Affects Mental Health

The thyroid gland produces hormones – T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) that regulate your body’s metabolism, energy levels, and even brain function. When your thyroid isn’t working properly, it can throw your entire system off—including your mood.

There are two main types of thyroid dysfunction that can impact mental health:

• Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid): The thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones.
• Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid): The thyroid produces too much hormone.

Hypothyroidism and Depression Symptoms

Many symptoms of hypothyroidism closely resemble clinical depression, including:

• Persistent fatigue or low energy
• Depressed mood
• Difficulty concentrating (“brain fog”)
• Slow thinking or speech
• Weight gain
• Sleep disturbances
• Low motivation or loss of interest

Because of this overlap, hypothyroidism is sometimes misdiagnosed as depression—especially if a thyroid function test isn’t done.

Hyperthyroidism and Mood Changes

While hyperthyroidism is less often confused with depression, it can still impact mental health, leading to:

• Anxiety and restlessness
• Irritability
• Trouble sleeping
• Mood swings
• In some cases, manic-like symptoms

Some people may also experience what’s called apathetic hyperthyroidism, particularly older adults, where, instead of typical hyperthyroid symptoms, they feel tired, unmotivated, and depressed.

The Importance of Thyroid Testing

If you or someone you know is struggling with symptoms of depression, it’s important to rule out a thyroid issue. A simple blood test called TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)—along with T3 and T4 levels—can determine whether your thyroid is functioning properly.

Managing Thyroid Disorders for Better Mental Health

Treatment for thyroid disorders may involve medication to balance hormone levels, but emotional health should also be addressed. If mood symptoms persist even after treatment, speak to your thyroid doctor about adjusting your plan or seeking psychological support.

Lifestyle changes that support both thyroid and mental health include:

• Regular exercise

• Balanced diet rich in nutrients

• Stress management techniques

• Adequate sleep

If you suspect your mood changes might be linked to a thyroid problem, consult an expert.
📍 Book an appointment with Dr. Aswin Pankajakshan, Consultant Endocrinologist in Dubai at Fakeeh University Hospital, for accurate diagnosis and treatment.